Current principles of photoprotection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20883/jofa.61Keywords:
photoprotection, sunscreens, ultraviolet radiationAbstract
Solar radiation is an important factor affecting human health. Under the influence of ultraviolet UVR vitamin D is synthesized in the skin, but its negative consequences are the possibility of skin burns, photoaging, damage to cell structures, including the DNA chain, and secondarily carcinogenesis. Protection from sunlight can be provided by using creams with UV filters, clothing with accessories, and avoiding overexposure to the sun. This paper presents the current principles of photoprotection based on current literature data.
Downloads
References
Muhammad A, Hassan Z, Mohammad SM, Rajamanickam S, Abed SM, Ashiq MGB. Realization of UV-C absorption in ZnO nanostructures using fluorine and silver co-doping. Colloid and Interface Science Communications. 2022. Volume 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2022.100588.
Kyselovic J, Masarik J, Kechemir H, Koscova E, Turudic II, Hamblin MR. Physical properties and biological effects of ceramic materials emitting infrared radiation for pain, muscular activity, and musculoskeletal conditions. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022; 00: 1- 13. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12799.
Mahendra CK, Ser HL, Pusparajah P, Htar TT, Chuah LH, Yap WH, et al. Cosmeceutical Therapy: Engaging the Repercussions of UVR Photoaging on the Skin’s Circadian Rhythm. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(5):2884. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052884.
Krutmann J, Schalka S, Watson REB, Wei L, Morita A. Daily photoprotection to prevent photoaging. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2021; 37: 482– 489. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12688.
Narbutt J, Wolska H, Kaszuba A, Langner A, Lesiak A, Maj J, et al. Photoprotection. Recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society. Part 2: Sunscreen use. Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny. 2018; 105(1):30-40. doi:10.5114/dr.2018.74164.
Garmyn M, Young AR, Miller SA. Mechanisms of and variables affecting UVR photoadaptation in human skin. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 2018, 17, 1932. DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00430c.
World Health Organization. Ultraviolet radiation. 2022, June 21. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ultraviolet-radiation.
Narbutt J, Wolska H, Kaszuba A, Langner A, Lesiak A, Maj J, et al. Photoprotection. Recommendations of the Polish Dermatological Society. Part 1: Ultraviolet radiation and sunscreens. Dermatology Review/Przegląd Dermatologiczny. 2018;105(1):19-29. doi:10.5114/dr.2018.74163.
Teng Y, Yu Y, Li S, Huang Y, Xu D, Tao X et al. Ultraviolet Radiation and Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Environmental Perspective. Front. Public Health.2021. 9:666528. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.666528.
Pfeifer G.P. Mechanisms of UV-induced mutations and skin cancer. GENOME INSTAB. DIS. 1, 99–113 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42764-020-00009-8.
Wang K, Hou Y, Poudel B, Yang D, Jiang Y, Kang MG, et al. Melanin–Perovskite Composites for Photothermal Conversion. Advanced Energy Materials. October 4, 2019. Volume9, Issue37.1901753. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201901753.
Kaszuba A, Adamski Z. Dermatologia Poradnik lekarza praktyka. Lublin 2012, ISBN:978-83-7563-015-2, p 1.
Mohania D, Chandel S, Kumar P, Verma V, Digvijay K, Tripathi D, et al. Ultraviolet Radiations: Skin Defense-Damage Mechanism. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;996:71-87. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_7. PMID: 29124692.
Skotarczak K, Osmola-Mańkowska A, Lodyga M, Polańska A, Mazur M, Adamski Z. Photoprotection: facts and controversies. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2015; 98-112; pp. 98-100.
Gabros S, Nessel TA, Zito PM. Sunscreens And Photoprotection. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2022. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537164.
Piacentini RD, Pierobon E, Piacentini AR, Salum GM. The Importance of the use of Clothes with Solar UV Protection. Current Trends in Fashion Technology & Textile Engineering. 2018. DOI: 10.19080/CTFTTE.2018.03.555623.
Backes C, Religi A, Moccozet L, Behar-Cohen F, Vuilleumier L, Bulliard JL, et al. Sun exposure to the eyes: predicted UV protection effectiveness of various sunglasses. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 29, 753–764 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0087-0.
Berry EG, Bezecny J, Acton M, Sulmonetti TP, Anderson DM, Beckham HW et al. Slip versus Slop: A Head-to-Head Comparison of UV-Protective Clothing to Sunscreen. Cancers. 2022; 14(3):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030542.
Hedayat K, Nasrollahi SA, Firooz A, Rastegar H, Dadgarnejad M. Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020; 13: 351–358. Published online 2020 May 8. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S244898.
Andrews DQ, Rauhe K, Burns C, Spilman E, Temkin AM, Perrone-Gray S, et al. Laboratory testing of sunscreens on the US market finds lower in vitro SPF values than on labels and even less UVA protection. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022; 38: 224–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12738.
Dahabra L, Broadberry G, Le Gresley A, Najlah M, Khoder M. Sunscreens Containing Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Enhanced Efficiency: A Strategy for Skin Cancer Prevention. Molecules. 2021; 26(6):1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061698 .
Serpone N. Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades? Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2021 Feb;20(2):189-244. doi: 10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1. Epub 2021 Feb 18. PMID: 33721254.
A Proposed Rule by the Food and Drug Administration.Sunscreen Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. 2019, February 26.Retrieved from https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/26/2019-03019/sunscreen-drug-products-for-over-the-counter-human-use.
Sabzevari N, Qiblawi S, Norton SA, Fivenson D. Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 1: Changing regulations and choices for optimal sun protection. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2021 Jan 23;7(1):28–44. doi: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.05.017. PMID: 33537394; PMCID: PMC7838247.
Clark KJ, Fowler Braga SF, Dalton EE. Keys to Sunburn Treatment and Prevention. US Pharm. 2021;46(8):39–42.
Marionnet C, de Dormael R, Marat X, Roudot A, Gizard J, Planel E, et al. Sunscreens with the New MCE Filter Cover the Whole UV Spectrum: Improved UVA1 Photoprotection In Vitro and in a Randomized Controlled Trial. JID Innovations. 2022. Volume 2. Issue 1. 100070. ISSN 2667-0267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100070.
Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs. Cosmetic ingredient database (Cosing) – List of UV filters allowed in cosmetic products. 01.02.2016, February 01, Annex VI, Last update:2022, August 29. Retrieved from https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/cosmetic-ingredient-database-list-of-uv-filters-allowed-in-cosmetic-products?locale=en.
